Accessing justice and restoring rights requires a thorough understanding of legal procedures. Meligi Foundation We believe that educating our clients about concepts and procedures is the first step towards building a successful legal strategy.
Every legal dispute requires precise referral to the competent court to ensure the speed and integrity of proceedings. Jurisdiction within the judicial system is distributed as follows:
First: Civil courts (financial and commercial disputes) It deals with resolving disputes that arise between individuals or companies in daily and commercial transactions, and includes:
Civil lawsuits (compensation, proof of ownership).
Commercial lawsuits (disputes between companies and merchants).
Labor lawsuits (employee rights and labor disputes).
Rental claims (eviction, determination of rental value).
Contractual claims (revocation, invalidity, and enforcement).
Second: Sharia courts and family courts (personal status) It is responsible for organizing and resolving disputes related to the family unit and personal matters, and includes:
Family lawsuits (divorce, khula, alimony, custody).
Guardianship claims over money (management of the money of minors and those lacking legal capacity).
Claims of guardianship over oneself.
Guardianship claims (guardianship, trusteeship, and inheritance declaration).
Third: Criminal Courts (Crimes and Punishments) It deals with crimes committed against individuals or society and determines the legally prescribed penalties, and is classified according to the severity of the crime into:
Violation claims.
Misdemeanor cases.
Criminal cases.
Fourth: State Council Courts (Administrative Judiciary) It is the independent judicial body that adjudicates disputes in which the administrative body (the state or its agencies) is a party, and includes:
Disciplinary proceedings (for state employees).
Administrative court cases.
Administrative Court lawsuits (cancellation of administrative decisions and compensation for them).
Appeals before the Supreme Administrative Court (the highest level of administrative litigation).
These terms may overlap in everyday life, but in the language of law, each has a precise and crucial meaning:
The lawsuit: It is the “legal shield” designed to protect your rights. While all individuals have the general right of access to the courts, a “claim” is a legal license granted exclusively to the victim of the assault or harm, enabling them to seek protection or restitution of their rights through the judicial system.
demand: It is the practical and physical translation of a claim. The “application” represents the written and legally precise claim, which is formally submitted to the court to establish and assert a right.
The issue: It is the comprehensive framework for the legal process. It is defined as the sum of the procedures, hearings, and requests that are undertaken and compiled from the moment the lawsuit is filed until the final judgment is issued.
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